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Influence of Patent Law on Price of Medicines: A Comparative Analysis of Various Countries
Abstract
There is a great deal of disparity between the availability and affordability of medicines in least developed, developing and developed nations. Patents are one of the major reasons of this difference. The pharmaceutical industry spends over US$10 billion to fund some 90% of 40,000-80,000 randomised controlled trails being conducted across the world at any given time. A United Nations AIDS study reported that the number of people in poor countries who have access to anti-retroviral medicines remains extremely low; only 30,000 received medication in 2002, out of an estimated 5 million in need. The proposed chapter aims to study effect of patent law on pricing of medicines. The legal and regulatory policies such as TRIPs jointly introduced by various nations to regulate the pricing of patented products will be elaborated in this chapter. Apart from national and international policies, the behaviour of pharmaceutical companies also affect price of patented products. The chapter will also cover various techniques pharmaceutical industry adopt to control price of patented products such as proliferation of me-too drugs, product reformulation, prolonging patent rights, biasing research and large promotional expenditures.
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