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Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Vicinity of Industrially Polluted Sites Through Ferns: An Overview
Abstract
This chapter deals with screening of native Pteridophytes (ferns) in the vicinity of fly ash (FA) contaminated areas of National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) in Kanti and Kahalgaon, Bihar, India. These ferns were used for phytoremediation of heavy metals in the aforementioned areas. The metal tolerance ability and diversity of the native ferns were examined on several diversity indices (population density, concentration of dominance, heterogeneity, equitability) and the results were compared with reference site (nearby forests). The present data revealed that 11 species of ferns (10 terrestrial and 1 climbing fern) had rich frequency distribution and better performance on FA sites. The results also revealed that all ferns had accumulated significant metal content in their tissues. However, metal content was varied in different fern species. Effect of FA on photosynthetic pigments were also analyzed and compared with the reference site. The results of the above study suggest the suitability and usefulness of these ferns for reclamation of FA contaminated wastelands.
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