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Stroke: A Potential Risk Factor of Neurodegenerative Disorders
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Author(s): Carlos Henrique Ferreira Camargo (Hospital Universitário dos Campos Gerais – UEPG, Brazil), Mariana M. Canever (Federal University of Paraná, Brazil), Valeria Cristina Scavasine (Federal University of Paraná, Brazil)and Marcos Christiano Lange (Federal University of Paraná, Brazil)
Copyright: 2019
Pages: 23
Source title:
Handbook of Research on Critical Examinations of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Md. Sahab Uddin (Southeast University, Bangladesh)and Md. Shah Amran (University of Dhaka, Bangladesh)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5282-6.ch007
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Abstract
The brain relies on a specialized endothelial system, the blood brain barrier (BBB), which is capable of regulating the transfer of substances from the blood to the neurons. Stroke is the most frequent cause of disability in adulthood. Lesions of vascular origin also include asymptomatic small infarcts, microbleeds, dilated perivascular spaces, and atrophy. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most prevalent cause of dementia. Several mechanisms are implied, including strategic infarct dementia, post-stroke dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and subcortical vascular dementia. As there is no disease modifying therapies currently available, treatment of comorbidities and adequate control of the vascular risk factors remain the standard strategies to reduce the vascular contributions to neurodegeneration. This chapter represents the basic concepts of pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases, and describes the subtypes of VCI, as well as treatment and primary prevention strategies.
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