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Alkalophiles: Environmental Distribution, Taxonomy, Physiology, Bioenergetics, Survival Mechanism, and Enzymes
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Author(s): Vishal Arvindlal Mevada (Directorate of Forensic Science, Gandhinagar, India), Urvisha Himmatbhai Beladiya (Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, India), Himani Rajendrakumar Gandhi (Christ College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India), Amitsinh Vijaysinh Mangrola (Shri Alpesh N. Patel Post Graduate Institute of Science and Research, Anand, India)and Rajesh Kanjibhai Patel (Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, India)
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 30
Source title:
Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Aparna B. Gunjal (Dr. D.Y. Patil Arts, Commerce, and Science College, Pune, India), Rebecca Thombre (The University of Kent, UK & Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, USA)and Javid A. Parray (Department of Higher Education, Government Degree College, Srinagar, India)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9144-4.ch003
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Abstract
Alkalophiles are a class of extremophiles capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. At such high pH, the normal cellular functions are detrimentally affected for mesophilic organisms. The alkalophiles successfully manage stability of DNA, plasma membrane, and function of cytosolic enzymes, as well as other unfavorable physiological changes at such an elevated pH. A recent development in NextGen sequencing technology facilitates identifying uncultivable organisms amongst the extreme environments. In recent years, distribution of alkalophiles was reported from Soda Lake, marine environments, saline deserts, and natural thermal vents to natural water bodies. Although alkalophiles were first reported in 1889, their enzymatic and industrial applications still make them an interesting area of research. This chapter provides basic information on environmental distribution, taxonomy, physiology, bioenergetics, and survival mechanism and enzymes produced by alkalophilic organisms.
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