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Telematics communication technologies and vehicular networks have been identified as key technologies for increasing road safety and transport efficiency. Telematics communication technologies and vehicular networks aim to ensure traffic safety for drivers, provide comfort for passengers and reduce transportation time and fuel consumption. The development of vehicular communication and networking technologies are expected to enable many potential applications, including automatic collision notification and prevention, emergency management, assistances for safe driving, real-time traffic congestion notification, location-based driver information services, high-speed tolling, vehicle tracking, automobile Internet access, and many others. To facilitate these applications, many different new types of communication and networking would be involved, including intra-vehicle, vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-roadside and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. This book aims to provide a fast and complete view of all aspects related to telematics communication technologies and vehicular networks.
This book is intended for graduate students, researchers, engineer, and practitioners who are interested in acquiring a global view of the set of techniques and protocols that have been referred to as “Telematics communication technologies and vehicular networks: wireless architectures and applications” in the literature. The book can serve as a reference resource for researchers, engineers, and developers working in the field of telematics technologies.
This book includes 22 chapters which are classified into 7 parts. Part 1 introduces the vehicular networks and intelligent transportation systems. Part 2 describes embedded system architecture and communication protocols. Part 3 reports location based services. Part 4 provides integrated vehicular applications. Part 5 presents vehicular ad hoc networks and delay tolerant vehicular networks. Part 6 explains management and traffic control. Finally, part 7 talks about mobility model, simulation, and security for telematics communication technologies and vehicular networks.
The first part of the book, Introduction of Vehicular Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems, presents introductory materials that is preparatory for what us described in the rest of the book.
Chapter 1, by Ming-Chiao Chen, gives a short introduction to vehicular network architectures. This chapter discusses the architectures in the vehicular network environment, and introduces the overview of in-vehicle and out-vehicle network architectures. This chapter also discusses the next-generation vehicular network architecture, the modern in-vehicle networks, on-board computers and the Internet, mobile telecommunications and telematics applications in the ground vehicles.
Chapter 2, by Yao-Chung Chang, introduces vehicular network applications. Four applications of the vehicular network are surveyed and discussed in this chapter. They are vehicular network application services, vehicular network application managements, the platform technologies of vehicular network application, and the future vehicular network application and deployment.
Chapter 3, by Da-Jie Lin and Chyi-Ren Dow, explains intelligent transportation systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) combines high technology and improvements in information systems, communication, sensors, and relevant mathematical methods with the conventional world of surface transportation infrastructure to increase the capacity of transportation systems and to improve the level of services. There are four major goals of ITS, including safety, environmental protection, efficiency, and economy.
The second part of the book, Embedded System Architecture and Communication Protocols, presents the vehicular embedded system architecture, data communication protocols for vehicular network, and wireless access techniques in vehicular environments.
Chapter 4, by Chung-Ping Young, explains the vehicular embedded system architecture. The car electronics plays an increasingly important role in automobile industry. The embedded system has already been extensively employed for improving the operation and performance of vehicles, such as safety, comfort, convenience, and environmental protection. In terms of electronic system, an automobile is a distributed embedded system, and the control messages to each electronic control unit (ECU), go through the in-vehicle network. An ECU is an embedded processor or computing system, integrated with a data acquisition device or an electromechanical driver.
Chapter 5, Cheng-Min Lin, Jyh-Hong Lin, and Tzong-Jye Liu, reports the data communications inside vehicular environments. ZigBee is based on IEEE 802.15.4 which specifies the physical layer and medium access control (MAC) for low-cost and low-power LR-WPAN. ZigBee is successfully produced into a low-cost controller applied for automotive applications, including vehicle control and status monitoring.
Chapter 6, by Tzong-Jye Liu and Ching-Wen Chen, gives the wireless access in vehicular environments. This chapter describes the IEEE 1609 standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) services, which enable vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-roadside, as well as vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. The standard consists of four parts, IEEE 1609.1, IEEE 1609.2, IEEE 1609.3, and IEEE 1609.4, which are described in this chapter.
The third part of the book, Location Based Services, provides the useful knowledge and technique of location based services for supporting telematics communication technologies and vehicular networks.
Chapter 7, by Jenq-Muh Hsu, provides the introduction of GPS. Global Satellite Positioning System (GPS) recently has become the one of most popular positioning technologies. This chapter briefly introduces some GPS issues including the origins of GPS, GPS system architecture, and related GPS applications.
Chapter 8, by Ben-Jye Chang, presents the vehicle location and navigation systems. This chapter introduces important vehicle location determination algorithms: the dead reckoning and global position system algorithms, in which the precision of location technologies are compared. The map-matching algorithm is then described. Various vehicle navigation approaches are explained.
Chapter 9, by Min-Xiou Chen, discusses the design and implementation of vehicle navigation systems. The major purpose of the chapter is to understand the architecture of vehicle navigation system. This chapter introduces the system requirements and system analysis, and show the system platform of vehicle navigation system.
In the fourth part of the book, Integrated Vehicular Application, presents the vehicular metropolitan area network systems architecture and the interworking of IP multimedia subsystem and vehicular communication gateway.
Chapter 10, by Cheng Hsuan Cho and Jen-Yi Pan, reports the vehicular metropolitan area network systems architecture: the WiMAX network reference model. This chapter introduces WiMAX network architecture, WiMAX network entry, mobility management, QoS functional elements, core network planning and accounting architecture. WiMAX technique is the one of important wireless access techniques for the vehicular communication.
Chapter 11, by Wei-Kuo Chiang and An-Nie Ren, presents the interworking of IP multimedia subsystem and vehicular communication gateway. To provide a variety of IP-based multimedia services to those users in the car, this chapter investigates the issue of interworking between IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and telematics of the vehicular industry.
Part 5 of the book, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and Delay Tolerant Vehicular Networks, presents MAC, routing protocols, and applications for vehicular ad hoc networks, and DTN technologies for vehicular networks.
Chapter 12, by Chih-Yung Chang, presents MAC protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks. The achievement of requirements of VANETs highly relies on efficient MAC protocols which determine the performance of packet transmission in terms of success rate, delay, throughput and bandwidth utilization. This chapter reviews existing MAC protocols developed for VANETs.
Chapter 13, by Yuh-Shyan Chen and Yun-Wei Lin, presents routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks. The design of routing protocols in VANETs is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. This chapter discusses existing routing results, including unicast protocol, multicast protocol, geocast protocol, mobicast protocol, and broadcast protocol, in VANETs.
Chapter 14, by Tzung-Shi Chen, discusses applications in vehicular ad hoc networks. Vehicular communication systems and applications become more and more important to people in daily life. The applications of VANETs are introduced in this Chapter.
Chapter 15, by Kun-Chan Lan, reports DTN technologies for vehicular networks. A Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is one type of challenged network where network contacts are intermittent or link performance is highly variable or extreme. This chapter discusses some research challenges and issues which might occur in a Delay Tolerant Network.
Part 6 of the book, Management and Traffic Control, presents the simple transportation management framework, the vehicular system management architecture and application platform, the remote vehicular system management function and information structure, and the wireless mesh network for the traffic control.
Chapter 16, by Chyi-Ren Dow, discusses the simple transportation management framework. The Simple Transportation Management Framework (STMF) specifies a set of rules and protocols which can be used to organize, describe, and exchange transportation management information between transportation management applications and equipments.
Chapter 17, by Teng-Wen Chang and Jiann-Liang Chen, reports the vehicular system management architecture and application platform. In this chapter, the Open Gateway Service Initiative Vehicle Expert Group (OSGi/VEG) was integrated into an Android platform to generate a vehicular Android/OSGi platform.
Chapter 18, by Teng-Wen Chang and Jiann-Liang Chen, presents the remote vehicular system management functions and information structure. On purpose solving heterogamous technologies that are incompatible with each other, this chapter develops a “WBEM-based Remote Management and Heterogeneous Vehicular Network Diagnosis System” on the OSGi Gateway.
Chapter 19, by Kun-Chan Lan, presents the wireless mesh network for traffic control. Wireless mesh networks (WMN) have attracted considerable interest in recent years. This chapter described a real-world testbed, which sets a goal of designing a wireless mesh network architecture to solve the communication needs of the traffic control system in Sydney, Australia.
The final part of the book, Mobility model, Simulation, and Security, provides a detailed description of mobility models of vehicular networks, REALISTIC simulation of vehicular networks, and security attacks of vehicular networks.
Chapter 20, by Kun-Chan Lan, reports the mobility models of vehicular networks. A key component for vehicular network simulation is a realistic vehicular mobility model that ensures conclusions drawn from simulation experiments will carry through to real deployments. To get accurate results, the mobility models of vehicular networks should be as realistic as possible, and involve road-maps with all constraints and facilities related to the vehicular movement. Therefore, this chapter provides an overview of some mobility models that are relevant to vehicular networks.
Chapter 21, by Kun-Chan Lan, presents the REALISTIC simulation of vehicular networks. This chapter introduces a tool, MOVE, that allows users to rapidly generate realistic mobility models for vehicular network simulations. MOVE is built on top of an open source micro-traffic simulator SUMO. The output of MOVE is a realistic mobility model and can be immediately used by popular network simulators such as ns-2 and Qualnet.
Chapter 22, by Jen-Chun Chang and Chun-I Fan, discusses the security attacks of vehicular networks. This chapter classifies all possible attacks of vehicular network from every network layer, and also introduces the reason of forming every attack and the possible effect on vehicular networks.
Finally, we thank all contributors of the book for their outstanding contributions. We hope you will enjoy reading this book as we did and you will find this issue informative and helpful in keeping yourselves up-to-date in the fast changing field of telematics communication technologies and vehicular networks, from wireless architectures to applications
Chung-Ming Huang
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC
Yuh-Shyan Chen
National Taipei University, Taiwan, ROC