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Bone Marrow Examination in Systemic Disorders
Abstract
Systemic disorders can induce several bone marrow abnormalities; most are nonspecific, and some morphologic clues can help diagnose them. Examination of the bone marrow is critical in specific clinical scenarios, such as uncertain etiology for cytopenia, newly developed disease complications, and detecting diagnostic criteria. Cytopenia of one or more blood elements is common in many systemic diseases and may require deep investigations, including bone marrow examination, to explain, e.g., chronic kidney and liver diseases. Other conditions with a profound effect on hemopoiesis may resemble primary hemopoietic disorders like dysplastic changes, e.g., severe infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition, bone marrow examination is integral to investigating specific systemic conditions by confirming a particular etiology and pathogenesis, e.g., fever of undermined origin and systemic amyloidosis. This chapter discusses disease examples in each clinical group, their etiological and pathogenic factors, and their essential diagnostic features.
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