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Evaluation of Currently Available Techniques for Studying Colloids in Environmental Media: Introduction to Environmental Nanometrology
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles are emerging pollutants with poorly known environmental fate and impact. Studying the fate of engineered colloids in the environment is highly challenging due to the complexity of their possible interactions with environmental components and to the need of dedicated analytical methods. Many relevant processes like e.g. agglomeration and dissolution can be studied by monitoring the size of colloids. Techniques dedicated to the determination of the size of colloids in environmental media are thus required. Such techniques should remain accurate at low concentrations and be specific, widely matrix independent and free of artefact due to sample preparation. This chapter aims at evaluating and comparing systematically the currently used tools (e.g. microscopy, light scattering, particle counters) for sizing colloids considering these requirements. As an example of a highly promising solution, the current development of separation techniques coupled to (single particle) ICP-MS is described in more details.
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