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Factors Affecting Biosorption Efficiency: Process Optimization and Performance Evaluation
Abstract
Biosorption, an eco-friendly, cost-effective method for removing heavy metal pollutants from the environment, gained great attention. This utilizes biological sources such as microbial and agricultural biomass for the removal of heavy metals and other hazardous materials from industrial effluents and other wastes that directly come into the environment. The efficiency is influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, biomass concentration, initial ion concentration, contact time, agitation rate, type of biosorbent, competing ions. The source of biosorbents ranges from microbial sources to plant biomass following different mechanisms. In this chapter, the influencing factors are examined widely, and it spotlights optimization by modifying the parameters. The outcomes hold implications for designing an effluent removal process with the right process factors for maximum efficiency. The findings provided give valuable insight to the researchers, industrial experts, students, policy makers, and academicians who are seeking sustainable solutions to reduce heavy metal pollution.
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