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Fundamentals of Quantum Computation
Abstract
This chapter briefly describes the basic concepts and principles of quantum computing. Firstly, the concepts of qubit, quantum coherence, quantum decoherence, quantum entanglement, quantum density operators, linear operators, inner products, outer products, tensor products, Hermite operators, and unitary operators are described. Then, the four basic assumptions of quantum mechanics are introduced, focusing on the measurement assumptions of quantum mechanics. Finally, the definition of commonly used quantum logic gates is given including single qubit gates, double qubit gates, and multiple qubit gates. These contents provide the necessary theoretical basis for subsequent chapters.
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