Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes

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Author(s): Cirus Rinaldi (University of Palermo, Italy)
Copyright: 2020
Pages: 24
Source title: Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Augusto Balloni (Italian Society of Victimology, Italy)and Raffaella Sette (University of Bologna, Italy)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1286-9.ch007

Keywords: Criminology & Victimology / Information Science Reference / Social Sciences & Humanities / Sociology

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Abstract

Homophobic violence can be considered as an expressive act. Violent behavior can be considered as anti-homosexual when victims are chosen because they are considered or perceived as homosexual. Following this reasoning, hate crimes as homophobic crimes have a communicative value, since they represent a range of “masculinization” practices within the processes of gender socialization, both in conventional and illegitimate social worlds. Every homophobic act aims to intimidate not just the victim, but the whole group associated with the, whether concretely or merely in the perception of the perpetrator. This chapter will take into account the main research on victimization from an international perspective; it will highlight how both the gender of the perpetrator and the cultural constructions of masculinity(ies), in a heterosexist and hegemonic system, seem to play a fundamental role in producing homophobic and anti-homosexual behaviour.

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Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes

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