MIMO Beamforming

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Author(s): Qinghua Li (Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, USA), Xintian Eddie Lin (Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, USA)and Jianzhong ("Charlie") Zhang (Samsung, Richardson, USA)
Copyright: 2009
Pages: 24
Source title: Handbook on Advancements in Smart Antenna Technologies for Wireless Networks
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Chen Sun (ATR Wave Engineering Laboratories, Japan), Jun Cheng (Doshisha University, Japan)and Takashi Ohira (Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-988-5.ch012

Keywords: Information Science Reference / Media & Communications / Mobile and Wireless Computing / Wireless Systems

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Abstract

Transmit beamforming improves the performance of multiple-input multiple-output antenna system (MIMO) by exploiting channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Numerous MIMO beamforming schemes are proposed in open literature and standard bodies such as 3GPP, IEEE 802.11n and 802.16d/e. This chapter describes the underlying principle, evolving techniques, and corresponding industrial applications of MIMO beamforming. The main limiting factor is the cumbersome overhead to acquire CSI at the transmitter. The solutions are categorized into FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex) approaches. For all FDD channels and radio calibration absent TDD channels, channel reciprocity is not available and explicit feedback is required. Codebook-based feedback techniques with various quantization complexities and feedback overheads are depicted in this chapter. Furthermore, we discuss transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) radio chain calibration and channel sounding techniques for TDD channels, and show how to achieve channel reciprocity by overcoming the Tx/Rx asymmetry of the RF components

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