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On-Site Sanitation Systems for Low-Income Countries: Technical Guidelines for Groundwater Pollution and Nuisance Control
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Author(s): Peter Appiah Obeng (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana), Bernard Keraita (University of Copenhagen, Denmark), Henrik Bregnhøj (University of Copenhagen, Denmark), Robert C. Abaidoo (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana), Esi Awuah (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana)and Flemming Konradsen (University of Copenhagen, Denmark)
Copyright: 2016
Pages: 24
Source title:
Impact of Water Pollution on Human Health and Environmental Sustainability
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): A. Elaine McKeown (Independent Researcher, USA)and George Bugyi (Pennsylvania State University, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-9559-7.ch014
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Abstract
On-site sanitation systems, the commonest sanitation technologies in low-income countries, are central to the elimination of open defecation in such countries. Nevertheless, their selection and application in the physical and socio-economic environment of low-income settings could be a complex and challenging task. Poorly designed and constructed facilities could pollute groundwater resources and create nuisances to the user and the general public. Meanwhile, local authorities in these countries often lack the human resource with the requisite technical capacity to analyse situations and recommend appropriate solutions. This calls for guidance in the most crucial technical decisions that affect the safe usage and environmental sustainability of on-site sanitation technologies. This Chapter reviews salient standards and guidelines for the selection of appropriate technologies, prevention of groundwater pollution, control of odor and fly nuisance, structural stability and safety of the latrine user.
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