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Reaching out across the Virtual Divide: An Empirical Review of Text-Based Therapeutic Online Relationships
Abstract
Text-based online therapy interventions have been used for more than a decade, but no comprehensive review of the effects on the alliance have been conducted. The authors have collected all of the empirical articles published up to December 2008 (n = 12) that examine the alliance of text-based online therapy. These studies involved a total of 574 clients who were treated by 18 therapists through various psychological interventions for a variety of problems. When compared to the face-to-face relationships (7 studies), participants in text based forms of online therapy mostly reported similar (3 studies) or stronger (2 studies) alliance ratings. The findings of this review suggest that online text therapists are able to meaningfully connect with their clients. Limitations of the findings and future research are discussed.
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