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Developing a South Asian Version of an Implementation Instrument for Understanding the Policy Implementation: Case of COVID-19 in Pakistan

Developing a South Asian Version of an Implementation Instrument for Understanding the Policy Implementation: Case of COVID-19 in Pakistan
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Author(s): Muhammad Fayyaz Nazir (Gent University, Belgium), Ellen Wayenberg (Ghent University, Belgium)and Shahzadah Fahed Qureshi (Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan)
Copyright: 2023
Pages: 16
Source title: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Organizational Governance During Health Crises
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Carla Sofia Vicente Negrão (CeBER, University of Coimbra, Portugal), Isabel Guerreiro Pimentel Maia (Centre for Business and Economics Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal)and João António Furtado Brito (University of Cape Verde, Cape Verde)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9213-7.ch004

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Abstract

This study is divided into two phases: translation and the testing of NoMAD. Researchers adopted a four-step approach: forward and backward translation, expert reviews for the test, and improvement of content validity. The translated version was then adopted for understanding the implementation of social distancing in the context of Covid-19 in Pakistan. To analyze the scale validity of U-NoMAD, researchers calculated the Cronbach alpha value through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis approach and analyzed the U-NoMAD strength through a step-wise evaluation process – convergent validity and individual item validity, discriminant validity, and model significance. The initial factor analysis model showed a good fit for coherence and cognitive participation and an unsatisfactory fit for collective action and reflexive monitoring. The results confirmed the NoMAD structure in the Pakistani healthcare settings to acceptable standards. So, the U-NoMAD instrument is valuable in evaluating complex and innovative healthcare interventions.

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