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Impacts of Phosphate Amendments at a Contaminated Site: Soil Sustainability
Abstract
Soil amendments can be used to cost-effectively reduce the bioavailability and mobility of toxic metals in contaminated soils. Phosphate amendments effectively can be transformed to soil from the non-residual (sum of exchangeable, carbonate, Fe/Mn, and organic) to the residual fraction. Metal immobilization can be attributed to the metal-induced formation of chloropyromorphite which can be identified in the surface soil, subsurface soil, and plant rhizosphere soil. Phosphate treatments can significantly reduce metal translocation from the roots to the shoots in the plants/crops possibly via the formation of chloropyromorphite on the cell walls of roots. Application of combined H3PO4 with phosphate rock can be provided an effective alternative to the current phosphate remediation technologies for contaminated soils.
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