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Migration of Medical Doctors, Health, Medical Education, and Employment in Eastern and Central Europe
Abstract
This chapter is mainly descriptive and deals with current issues including economic and legal matters besides the prevailing wages and other benefits for medical doctors by country. The focus is on ECE countries, members of EU: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. A key factor in providing medical care is the availability of qualified and motivated health care professionals. The emigration of physicians is an important constraint that limits the satisfaction of the local needs in health care in the origin countries, with poorer performing healthcare systems. The empirical evidence suggests that medical doctor emigration in the European Union happens because of poor distribution of physicians, low internal mobility, and inappropriate skill mix. In the case of migration from ECE countries to Western EU countries, the main reasons are differences in working conditions, remuneration level, and career opportunities. Substantial improvements in health and the conversion of the brain drain in brain gain in ECE countries should be obtained by some not very expensive measures: motivation of doctors, increase of competences, and convergence between needs and physician specialization.
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