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Glial Cells in the Mature Central Nervous System: Classification and Functions
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Author(s): Kamal Smimih (Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Morocco), Bilal El-Mansoury (Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, Morocco), Chaima Azzouhri (Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Morocco), Youssef Ait Hamdan (Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco), Fatima Ez-zahraa Saad (Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, Morocco)and Merzouki Mohamed (Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Morocco)
Copyright: 2024
Pages: 19
Source title:
Physiology and Function of Glial Cells in Health and Disease
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Bilal El-Mansoury (Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, Morocco), Omar El Hiba (Chouaib Doukkali University, Morocco)and Arumugam Radhakrishnan Jayakumar (University of Miami, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-9675-6.ch001
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Abstract
Glial cells were once thought of as simple support players in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the latest studies of glial cells have shown that they are actually of significance and play a variety of functions. Once thought to be passive supportive cells, astrocytes are now important in maintaining neurotransmitter balance, controlling synaptic activity, and regulating blood flow in the brain. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, besides making myelin, are closely involved in controlling how fast nerve signals travel and maintaining the health of axons. Microglia had been thought to be only immune observers, but they also help to control the immune response and control synapses. Ependymal cells, which are sometimes ignored, are important in regulating cerebrospinal fluid circulation, directing the location of neural stem cells, and enabling cell communication. This chapter explores distinct glial cell types -astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia, and ependymal cells- highlighting their newfound, intricate functionalities and interactions with neurons.
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