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Heavy Metal Pollution and its Management: Bioremediation of Heavy Metal
Abstract
Environmental degradation has become a major societal issue thanks to uncontrolled anthropogenic activity, besides natural factors. Entry of toxic heavy metals and minerals in human system mainly through contaminated water, food and air, leads to overt and insidious health problems. Heavy metal pollution, a global concern today, can be managed by using bioremediation, an eco-friendly alternative. Bioremediation is one of the most promising technological approaches to the problem of hazardous waste. It is a technology for removing pollution from environment, restoring contaminated site and preventing future pollution. Bioremediation can be performed in situ or ex situ. Microorganisms directly degrade contaminants rather than merely transferring them from one medium to another, employ metabolic degradation pathways and can be used in situ to minimize disturbance of the cleanup site. Hence, microorganisms can be effective, economical and non-disruptive tools for eliminating hazardous chemicals. Its advantage generally outweigh the disadvantage, therefore may be used as management tool.
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