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Water Quality Impacts of Abattoir Activities in Southern Africa
Abstract
The meat processing produces solid, liquid and gaseous wastes from stockyards, abattoirs and packing plants contain blood, fats, protein, gut contents, heavy metals, antibodies, hormones and other substances. Solid and liquid wastes can lead to an impairment or disruption of water eco-functionality and a preponderance of disease-causing organisms. In developing nations, many abattoirs dispose of their waste directly into streams or rivers and also use water from the same source to wash slaughtered meat. Most solid, liquid and gaseous wastes are released into the immediate environs of the abattoir. This chapter is a literature review of the impact of untreated slaughterhouse wastewater on water quality in selected areas of Southern Africa. The review shows that abattoir activities significantly reduced the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of water bodies. Although an improvement of the water quality was observed downstream, this was a result of self-purification and dilution effects.
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